Various mechanisms of mucoadhesion or bioadhesion between polymer and mucin such as h bonding, electrostatic interactions, disulfide. Most mucosal surfaces such as in the gut or nose are covered by a layer of mucus. The first stage is characterized by the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucous membrane, with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initiating its. Several theories have been put forward to explain the mechanis m of polymermucus interactions that lead to. Study on the mucoadhesion mechanism of pectin by atomic. Polymers used in the mucoadhesive drug delivery system. To explain the mucoadhesion mechanism, several possible theories namely electronic theory, adsorption. Mechanisms of mucoadhesion the mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps. Various mechanisms of mucoadhesion or bioadhesion between polymer. Nanotechnologybased drug delivery systems have been widely used for oral and systemic dosage forms delivery depending on the mucoadhesive interaction, and keratin has been applied for biomedical applications and drug delivery. Specific processes include mechanical interlocking, electrostatic, diffusion interpenetration, adsorption. In the case of polymer attached to the mucin layer, the term mucoadhesion is used. The mucus layer and its interactions with oral drug. Development of keratin nanoparticles for controlled.
Mucoadhesion of cationic polymers, such as chitosan, results from electrostatic interactions between. Mucoadhesion can be defined as the ability of synthetic or biological macromolecules to adhere to mucosal tissues such as the mucosa of the small intestine. Importantly, the underlying mechanism of mucoadhesion is not completely clear and may result from a combination of these theories smart, 2005. Study on the mucoadhesion mechanism of pectin by atomic force microscopy and mucinparticle method pornsak sriamornsaka,b, nathaya wattanakorna,b, hirofumi takeuchic a department of pharmaceutical technology, faculty of pharmacy, silpakorn university, nakhon pathom 73000, thailand bpharmaceutical biopolymer group pbig, faculty of pharmacy, silpakorn university, nakhon pathom 73000, thailand. Drug delivery across mucus membranes is a particularly effective route of administration due to the large surface area. However, few reports have focused on the keratinbased mucoadhesive drug delivery system and their mechanisms of mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system linkedin slideshare. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may improve both in vitro and in vivo performance of products due to their propensity to enhance the retention of the dosage form at the site of application. Pdf mucoadhesive polymers and their mode of action. Muco adhesion free download as powerpoint presentation. Mucoadhesion involves several types of bonding mechanisms, and it is the interaction between each process that allows for the adhesive process. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Stomach specific mucoadhesive tablets as controlled drug. The mechanism of adhesion of certain macro molecules to the surface of a.
Ultimate tensile strength is determined by the separating force and the total surface area of the adhesion, and failure generally occurs in one of the surfaces rather. The mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps. Mucoadhesive delivery systems have attracted remarkable interest recently, especially for their potential to prolong dosage form resident times at sites of application such as the vagina or nasal cavity, thereby improving convenience and compliance as a result of less frequent dosage. Mechanism of mucoadhesion the mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion. Preliminary studies, using acrylic hydrogels, have established that the density of carboxyl groups on the polymer chain is important for mucoadhesion.
Mucoadhesion mechanism and theories of polymer attachment as stated, mucoadhesion is the attachment of the drug along with a suitable carrier to the mucous membrane. In vivo studies of optimum buccal tablet formulation carried out on human healthy volunteers showed that the relative bioavailability of px was 67. Presentations ppt, key, pdf logging in or signing up. Nanotechnologybased drug delivery systems have been widely used for oral polymeric dosage forms and systemic drug delivery depending on the mucoadhesive interaction 3,4,5. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of. The appropriate and reliable characterization of mucoadhesive systems is crucial to enable the identification of the appropriate formulations for in vivo use. Mechanisms of mucoadhesion of polyacrylic acid hydrogels. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has. The relative importance of each stage will depend on the individual application. Pioglitazone hcl microspheres showed controlled release of drug without initial peak level achieving. Mucoadhesive agents are usually polymers containing hydrogen bonding groups that can be used in wet formulations or in dry powders for drug. The first stage is characterized by the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucus membrane, with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initiating its deep contact with the mucus layer. Mucoadhesion describes the attractive forces between a biological material and mucus or. The mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into.
Mucoadhesion may be defined as the state in which two materials, between which at least one is biological in nature, adhere to each other for extended retention time by the establishment of interfacial bonding 1, 2. Mdds utilizes the property of bioahesion of certain watersoluble polymers which become adhesive on hydration and hence can be used for targeting a drug to a particular region of the body for extended periods of time. Frontiers the potential of silk and silklike proteins. However, the unique environment present at the mucosa necessitates altered drug formulations designed to 1 deliver sensitive biologic molecules, 2 promote intimate contact between the mucosa and the drug, and 3 prolong the drugs local residence time. Yet, the mechanisms of mucoadhesion are not completely clear. The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption theory, diffusion theory, electrostaticic theory, and fracture theory. Sevda senel hacettepe university faculty of pharmacy department of pharmaceutical technology ankaraturkey aapsnbc may 21, 2014 san diego. Transmucosal delivery using mucoadhesive polymers prof. These include dry or partially hydrated dosage forms contacting surfaces with substantial mucus layers typically particulates administered into the nasal cavity.
To understand the roles of the carboxyl groups in mucoadhesion, acrylic acidaerylamide. The general properties a mucoadhesive polymer for oral drug delivery should possess are. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may be designed to enable. The release mechanism of px from buccal tablets follows diffusive mechanism with first order and higuchi release kinetics. Mechanism of polymer attachment to mucosal surface in the. Smart school of pharmacy and biomolecular sciences, university of brighton, lewes road, brighton bn2 4gj, uk received 30 july 2004. To explain the mucoadhesion mechanism, several possible theories namely electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory, diffusion theory, fraction theory and mechanical theory have been proposed. In some cases, such as for ocular or vaginal formulations, the delivery system is mechanically attached over the membrane. Mucoadhesive polymers can be classified as nonspecific first generation polymers and novel second generation polymers based on the mechanism of mucoadhesion.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems 3 the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucous membrane, with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initiating its deep contact with the mucus layer hagerstrom, 2003. This article presents the polymers use for mucoadhesive tablets, factor affecting the mucoadhesion, and developments in the techniques for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of. Frontiers the potential of silk and silklike proteins as. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may be designed to prolong retention at the site of application, providing a controlled rate of drug release for improved therapeutic outcome. It explains the contact between the mucoadhesive polymer and the mucus membrane, with spreading and swelling of the formulation. Due to the continuous formation of tears and blinking of eye. Mucoadhesion and characterization of mucoadhesive properties. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have been applied to buccal cavity, oesophagus, gastrointestinal tract, eye, nasal cavity, vagina and rectal cavity. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesionb john d.
Department of agricultural biotechnology and research institute for agriculture and life. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. The radiographic pictures of the rabbits confirm the in vivo mucoadhesion in the stomach for 6 h. The substance that faciliate permeation through buccal mucosa are referred as permeation enhancers. Thus, the mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided in two steps, the contact stage and the consolidation stage figure 1. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems europe pmc article. Over the past few decades, mucosal drug delivery has received a great deal of attention. Mucoadhesion involves several types of bonding mechanisms, and it is the interaction between each process that allows for the adhesive. Mucoadhesive polymers and their mode of action semantic scholar. Development of keratin nanoparticles for controlled gastric.
Mechanism of mucoadhesion before discussing about the mechanism of mucoadhesion we must know about the composition of mucous briefly. Sep 30, 2014 for example, a partially hydrated polymer can be adsorbed by the substrate because of the attraction by the surface water lee, park, robinson et al. Pdf mucoadhesive drug delivery systems interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal. Methods to determine the interactions of micro and nanoparticles with mucus pdf. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion pdf. Mucoadhesive chitosan derivatives as novel drug carriers. The adhesion mechanisms involved are usually a combination of. A more specific term than bioadhesion is mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesive buccal patch, natural polymer, bioadhesive polymers, buccal formulations.
International research journal of pharmaceutical and. Oral mucosa, mucoadhesion, bioadhesive polymer, dosage form. The mechanism by which mucoadhesion takes place has been said to have two stages, the contact wetting stage followed by the consolidation stage the establishment of the adhesive interactions. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system authorstream presentation. Mucoadhesive chitosan derivatives as novel drug carriers volume. Stomachspecific mucoadhesive tablets as a controlled drug delivery system have been developed to increase gastric retention time of the dosage forms. For example, a partially hydrated polymer can be adsorbed by the substrate because of the attraction by the surface water lee, park, robinson et al. Researches are focused to enrich such interaction between the mucous layer and the delivery platform by modifying the system.
It has been proposed that mucoadhesives which adhere to the gastric mucus layer may be used to prolong gastric retention time of oral dosage forms. Many natural polymers and pharmaceutical ingredients show bioadhesive properties and polymers are carbomers, chitosan, starch, polymethacrylic acid. In principle, the carboxylic moiety cooh of anionic polymers, such as polyacrylic acid paa, is predominantly responsible for hydrogen bond formation 20,21. Mucus is composed mainly of water 95% glycoproteins of exceptionally high molecular weight mineral salts 1 % free proteins 0. Several in vitro and in vivo methodologies are proposed for studying its mechanisms.
Fracture theory is the major mechanism by which to determine the mechanical strength of a particular mucoadhesive, and describes the force necessary to separate the two materials after mucoadhesion has occurred. Mohammad ariful islam, taeeun park, emma reesor, kondareddy cherukula, anwarul hasan, jannatul firdous, bijay singh, sangkee kang, yunjaie choi, inkyu park and chongsu cho affiliation. In step bthe mucoadhesive material are activated by the presence of. Delivery of piroxicam with a mucoadhesive buccal tablet.
An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Lee, park, robinson, 2000 had described the mechanism of mucoadhesion in four different approaches. A complete understanding of how and why certain macromolecules attach to a mucus surface is not yet available, but a few steps involved in the process are generally accepted, at least for solid systems. Mucoadhesive capabilities need to be routinely quantified during the development of these systems. Innovative methods and applications in mucoadhesion. Definition bioadhesion is defined as an ability of material to adhere to biological tissue for an extended period of time. International research journal of pharmaceutical and applied. Gastroretentive, mucoadhesive, imatinib mesylate, radiography introduction bioadhesion may be defined as the state in which two materials, at least one of which is. Sevda senel hacettepe university faculty of pharmacy department of pharmaceutical technology ankaraturkey aapsnbc may 21, 2014. It explains the activation and bonding of mucoadhesive. Engineering design and molecular dynamics of mucoadhesive. The mechanism of drug release and the release from mucoadhesive film is studied as per korsmeyer and peppas model where m m.
Since the early 1980s, the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology. Mucoadhesion of progesteroneloaded drug delivery nanofiber. Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a mucosal surface. Several theories have been proposed to explain the fundamental mechanism of adhesion18. The use of mucoadhesive drug delivery system with enzyme inhibitor had been developed to overcome the barrier in the peptide and protein delivery. Development and characterization of mucoadhesive patches. Mucoadhesion, the state in which two materials, amongst which one is biological in nature, adhere to each other for extended periods of time with the help of interfacial forces, provides an attractive strategy to overcome the hurdles of conventional drug delivery systems including first pass metabolism, and localized delivery of biomolecules including proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides. Nov 26, 2015 importantly, the underlying mechanism of mucoadhesion is not completely clear and may result from a combination of these theories smart, 2005. Mucoadhesion is currently explained by six theories. Thus, the mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps. The first stage is characterized by the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucus membrane with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initially its deep contact with the mucus layer. The mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps 1. But none of these theories alone can explain the mechanism of mucoadhesion.
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